The Patriarch of Mountain Forests

Fagus sylvatica L.
Scientific name:
Fagus sylvatica L.
Common name:
European Beech
Family:
Fagaceae
Biological form:
Fanerofita arborea

Characteristics

Habit: Large deciduous tree up to 40 m tall with a straight trunk and dense crown. Bark smooth and grey. Leaves ovate with wavy margins, glossy green above. Flowers unisexual; male in pendulous catkins, female paired. Fruits: Triangular nuts enclosed in a spiny cupule. Flowering: April–May.

Distribution and habitat

Chorological type: Central European. Distribution in Italy: Widespread except Sardinia (naturalized). Habitat: Mountain forests, 600–2000 m.

Etymology

Generic name (Fagus): From Greek phagos. Specific name (sylvatica): Means forest-dwelling.

Uses and properties

Edible seeds (in moderation), timber widely used; medicinal and cosmetic applications.

Curiosities

Symbol of wisdom and stability in European traditions.